GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper peptide complex consisting of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine chelated with a copper(II) ion. First isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Loren Pickart, GHK-Cu has been studied extensively for its roles in wound healing, tissue remodeling, collagen synthesis regulation, and antioxidant defense in preclinical models.
GHK-Cu exerts its effects through multiple parallel pathways. The copper moiety facilitates superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while the peptide backbone interacts with SPARC and TGF-β receptors to upregulate collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. In gene expression studies, GHK-Cu has been shown to modulate over 4,000 human genes in genome-wide analyses, resetting transcription patterns of aged or damaged tissue toward a more regenerative profile.
GHK-Cu is stable in lyophilized form but should be reconstituted in sterile water shortly before use. The copper ion is essential for bioactivity; chelation with EDTA significantly reduces activity. Optimal concentrations for in vitro studies typically range from 1 nM to 10 μM depending on the endpoint. All studies should be conducted under institutional biosafety protocols.
For in vitro laboratory research only. Not for human consumption. Not FDA approved.
All content is provided for research reference purposes only. For in vitro laboratory research use only.